This study examined the impact of financial development, alongside income, renewable energy consumption and exports, on CO2 emissions in Kazakhstan. To conduct this analysis, Autometrics- a machine learning modeling approach- was applied to data spanning from 1993 to 2020. The findings of estimation revealed a positive and statistically significant effect of financial development and income on CO2 emissions in Kazakhstan. Numerically, a 1% increase in financial development is associated with a 0.17% rise in CO2 emissions. The positive impact of financial development on CO2 emissions can be seen as an advanced financial system can boost funding accessibility for energy and carbon-intensive sectors, such as manufacturing and large-scale infrastructure projects, potentially resulting in increased output and economic growth, often accompanied by elevated emission levels. In addition, exports have a negative influence on CO2, whereas the impacts of renewable energy consumption are insignificant. Our findings suggest that Kazakhstan’s policymakers should prioritize channeling financial resources towards eco-friendly technologies, facilitating energy transitions, and promoting sustainable economic activities. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
Considering the energy crisis in Europe and searching for alternatives, this study investigates the impact of clean electricity generation (EG) types on the environment. So, the study focuses on EU-5 countries (Germany-DEU, Spain-ESP, France-FRA, United Kingdom-GBR, and Italy-ITA), uses CO2 emissions as environmental indicator, and considers clean EG types as explanatory variables by controlling geopolitical risk. Accordingly, the study uses data from 2nd January 2019 to 29th February 2024 and applies bivariate and multivariate quantile-on-quantile regression (BQQ & MQQ) and Granger causality-in-quantiles (GCQ) as the fundamental approaches, while quantile regression (QR) is performed for the consistency check. The outcomes reveal that (i) hydro EG increases CO2 emissions across countries excluding DEU at lower and middle quantiles; (ii) solar EG curbs CO2 emissions at middle quantiles in DEU, higher quantiles in ESP and FRA, and middle and higher quantiles in ITA; (iii) wind EG has an almost decreasing impact across quantiles excluding higher quantiles in DEU and FRA; (iv) clean EG types are almost causally impactful on CO2 emissions across quantiles; (v) geopolitical risk decreases the power of the impact of clean EG alternatives on CO2 emissions, but does not change them in a reverse way. To sum up, the impact of clean EG types on CO2 emissions in EU-5 countries varies across EG types, quantiles, and countries. Thus, the study suggests that wind EG is highly beneficial for all EU-5 countries, while there is also room for growth to benefit from hydro and solar EG for some countries. © The Author(s) 2024.
The article discusses issues of improving the operational properties of pressure and drilling compressor pipes. For oil and gas production, three main types of pipes are used: drill casing and tubing. Taking into account production requirements and the importance of this element in the chain of work carried out, the service life of oil country pipes is complex and varied. In oil-producing and exporting countries, the requirements for the main technical parameters of pipes used in the oil industry differ from the requirements in other areas, the pipes and pipe fittings used. Taking into account the above, pipes intended for the production and transportation of oil and gas must have the necessary performance properties in terms of performance, reliability and safety. At the same time, taking into account operating pressures and other environmental factors, the issue of improving the properties (strength and stability) of the material from which pipes are made, while maintaining mechanical characteristics, is relevant. Improving the properties of pipes, especially the mechanical properties, is an important and important issue. Therefore, you should first be careful when choosing the material from which the pipe is made. Because the material from which the pipe is made must be of high quality in terms of mechanical properties. Considering that pipes, especially those used for oil and gas transportation, carry material for large kilometers. That is, the pipes pass through deserted and empty areas. In other words, if there is a malfunction in them, it can result in the loss of the transported material, which is considered undesirable for the economy. In this regard, their properties, especially mechanical properties, should be high. Corrosion can occur in the part where liquid flows through the pipes, which can also be cavitation corrosion. Cavitation corrosion is also considered a defect for pipes. © 2024, International Organization on 'Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering'. All rights reserved.