All Articles

Summary: The article provides information on the creation and study of energy systems based on the power of air flows with maximum use of advantages in processes associated with nature. An analysis of available data in this area is carried out, the advantages and disadvantages of energy installations are indicated. Based on the analysis and theoretical considerations, the indicators of the model for improving the energy system using the power of the air flow, including economic efficiency, are analyzed. Changes in influencing parameters to improve the efficiency of using the design of the energy installation are described, a comparative analysis is given.

Summary: Thermomechanical processing is a combination of the operations of deformation by heating and cooling (in different sequences), as a result of which the formation of the final structure of a metal alloy, and consequently its properties, occurs under conditions of increased density and the corresponding distribution of structural imperfections created by plastic deformation. Therefore, firstly, research in the field of thermomechanical processing is reduced to studying the effect of plastic deformation on transformations in heat-treated alloys and on the structure in properties after these transformations. Secondly, thermomechanical processing is advisable in all cases where heat treatment of metal alloys is effective. Phase transitions during heat treatment and plastic flow occur as a result of the restructuring of the same atoms, connected not only by general regular structures, but also by certain, also to a certain extent regular, deviations from these structures, the main ones of which are dislocations.

Summary: In the article, two cylindrical shells with different dimensions are statically analyzed using the finite element method. Cylindrical shells with a height to outer diameter ratio (h/d=2) of two and four (h/d=4), and a wall thickness of 1 mm were selected as the research objects. Carbon steel grade 1023 was selected for the cylindrical shells. The cylindrical shells were rigidly fixed on one side (Fixed Geometry fastening type was selected), and free on the other side. A compressive force of 1000N was applied to the inner surfaces of the cylindrical shells. Static analysis was performed using the simulation application in the Solidworks program. As a result of the analysis, the distributed values of the Von Mises stress, normal stress along the x, y and z axes were obtained. At the same time, the distributed values of the total displacement along the x, y and z axes were obtained. The maximum values of von Mises stress, normal stress (along the given axes) and displacement were observed in the sample with a small diameter (d=25mm) and a large height (h=200mm) (h/d=4). A difference of 98% was obtained between the maximum values of stress and displacement in both samples.

Summary: The work summarizes and critically analyzes the existing criteria for optimizing the methods of increasing and restoring the surface hardness of precision parts of machines and devices, shows ways to improve and clarify them, and also attempts to select optimal methods for increasing and restoring the surface hardness of precision parts of machines and devices and develop a generalized model. Various methods for increasing and restoring the surface hardness of parts of machines and devices with increased surface hardness pose the most urgent problem of choosing the optimal option for specific production conditions from among various technological solutions. This necessitates a further study of methods for increasing and restoring surface hardness and is based on three criteria: applicability, durability and technical and economic efficiency. The solution to the problem of substantiating the optimal method for increasing and restoring the surface hardness of machines and devices should be carried out using properly selected optimization criteria, using controllable factors that have the greatest impact on the costs of the technological process.

Summary: In the household refrigerator compressor is the main source of noise and heat, and the isolation of sound from the compressor in the air increases the thermal stress of his work and a significant reduction of energy efficiency of the refrigerator. Installing sound insulation panel in front of the compressor housing to reduce the noise level. The cooling system compressor oil is widely used in foreign and domestic refrigerators, implements "tropical" operating temperature Options refrigeration units tested at optimal doses of freon and constant permeability of the capillary tube. Soundproofing compressor housing leads to some increase in temperature of the motor windings and optimization of dose refrigerant with soundproofed compressor housing will increase the value of these indicators. The results confirm the possibility of reducing the noise of the refrigerator, through the use of an optimized heat removal from the cylinder head of the compressor.

Summary: This study focuses on the stabilization of residual stresses in welded structures of presses through pulse unloading prior to vibration treatment. Residual stresses in welded components can compromise structural integrity, reduce fatigue life, and lead to premature failure. The proposed approach involves applying controlled pulse unloading to redistribute and stabilize stress fields, creating a more uniform stress state before subjecting the structure to vibration. Experimental and analytical results demonstrate that the combination of pulse unloading, and vibration treatment significantly reduces peak residual stresses and improves the mechanical properties of welded assemblies. This method provides an efficient solution for enhancing the durability and performance of welded structures in industrial applications. The influence of various stabilizing treatments on the properties of steel welded samples is investigated. The efficiency of the vibration method with pulsed unloading for reducing the level of residual stresses in samples by 1.3-2.3 times and ensuring their geometric stability is demonstrated.

Summary: The article solves a stationary hydromechanical problem about the movement of anomalous oil in a round cylindrical pipe according to the law of friction, i.e., according to the modified Maxwell model. When solving this problem, it is assumed that the direction of oil movement will coincide with the direction of the pipe axis. Between the 1st and 2nd cross sections of the pipe, a part with a length is taken. In this part of the pipe, radius size calculations are taken from the pipe axis. The speed of oil movement depends on the radius and decreases as it increases. At : ????=???? : ????=0 . From the condition of equilibrium of two forces, that is, the pressure force and the friction force, an expression was found for the radius of the flow core. Formulas are presented for the initial pressure Δ???? drop and for the shear stress ???? . To solve the differential equation of anomalous oil, a technique was used to replace a complex differential with a simple differential. A formula has been derived for the total oil flow rate in a pipe; a formula for pressure loss in the laminar mode of movement of anomalous oil in a pipe has been extracted. When Δ????≤Δ????0 the liquid in the pipe does not move, it remains at rest.

Summary: At a certain stage of oil and gas production, by increasing the efficiency of regulating water volumes in wells with water-cut production, it is possible to reduce water cut and increase current oil recovery. When developing oil fields, in order to maintain reservoir pressure and increase the oil recovery factor, water or various additives are pumped into the objects. During some stages of oil field development, various types of water (including water injected into the reservoir and external water filtered from the top) enter highly permeable areas and reach the production wells, and the amount of water in their products increases. In this regard, the main problem is the isolation of water entering the well by maintaining oil production. The presented work describes the development of nanostructured gels that easily penetrate into the water-saturated depth of the formation in flooded wells, effectively blocking culverts, without changing the phase permeability of oil, mathematical modeling of the process, and analysis of the results.

Summary: This study provides detailed statistical results on the use of digital banking and digital payments in Azerbaijan, highlighting a high level of usability. However, consumer adoption of open banking remains very low despite the implementation of relevant legislation and security standards. This study aims to assess the impact of digital banking on the use of open banking in Azerbaijan. Using the Toda-Yamamoto causality method and data covering the years 2022-2024, the variables "Bank accounts", "Bank customers", "Digital banking Number", and "Instant Payment System Number", where open banking operations will be carried out, were used in the econometric model. Based on the Toda-Yamamoto causality between "Digital Banking Number" (lnDBN) and "Instant Payment System Number" (lnIPSN), carried out for the main purpose of the research, digital banking will have a positive effect on the future use of open banking, and there is a bidirectional relationship. Additionally, while there is a causal relationship between "Bank Accounts" (lnBA) and "Instant Payment System Number" (lnIPSN), no causal relationship was found between "Bank Customers" (lnBC) and "Instant Payment System Number" (lnIPSN). Factors such as ease of use, usefulness, reliability, and a sense of psychological ownership will play crucial roles in the rapid adoption of open banking.

Summary: The banking sector in Azerbaijan has undergone significant transformations, especially after the country gained independence. The regulatory framework is largely governed by the Central Bank of Azerbaijan, which has been shaping policies on interest rates, credit policies, and foreign exchange regulations. Currently, the major banks in Azerbaijan include both state-owned and private institutions that play a crucial role in the economy by providing essential banking services like savings accounts, personal loans, mortgages, and credit cards. On the global stage, banking services have increasingly shifted towards digitalization, with many customers opting for mobile banking, internet banking, and fintech solutions. Globally, the trend has also moved towards sustainability, with banks introducing green financing and socially responsible investment products, considering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. With financial markets becoming more interconnected, Azerbaijan’s banking system is starting to align with global financial frameworks, although there are still gaps in terms of offering advanced products and services compared to more developed markets. In Azerbaijan, traditional banking products are widely offered, but there is a growing shift towards innovative financial services, including digital banking platforms and contactless payment systems. The customer experience in Azerbaijan is steadily improving, although banks need to enhance accessibility, transparency, and reduce fees to keep pace with global customer expectations.