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Summary: The national power assessment is very important in the development of state policy and international relations because it influences directly the strategic decisions and global positioning of the country. Although there are some models for calculating national power, comprehensive frameworks considering both traditional components and modern factors like scientific progress are still lacking, at least for emerging nations. In this paper, an improved formula of the calculation of national power is developed and applied to the Republic of Azerbaijan. Structural components such as population, territory, economy, military power, scientific and technical progress, political will, and geopolitical factors are analyzed in the paper. The research introduces a new measurement mechanism that combines fuzzy number scaling based on expert opinions. Our work demonstrates that the use of fuzzy assessment techniques in national power calculation is viable and therefore offers a more accurate assessment methodology. The model proposed quantify both the tangible and intangible aspects of national power and hence provide an integral assessment tool.

Summary: This study employs harmonic analysis to investigate the relationship between Petkim stock prices and the USD/TL exchange rate. The harmonic analysis is a robust analytical method in modern time series analysis, particularly suitable for data exhibiting stationary characteristics without any apparent trend. This approach emphasizes the importance of considering both linear, nonlinear, and periodic components to fully understand and predict the dynamics of the financial market, demonstrating significant implications for econometric modeling. The dynamics between stock prices and exchange rates attract attention due to their profound impact on economic indicators and investment strategies in the volatile world of financial markets. Our study covers the period from May 1, 2023, to March 29, 2024, marked by significant economic events and policy changes potentially affecting Turkey's capital and currency markets. Consequently, a model with a parabolic (quadratic) trend for both factors and small amplitude sinusoidal and cosinusoidal departures around this trend has been constructed.

Summary: This scientific work is devoted to study the spatial structure and conformational possibilities of the tripeptide Phe1-Gly2-Gly3 and tetrapeptide Phe1-Gly2-Gly3-Phe4 molecules. The knowledge of the structural and functional properties of these peptide molecules is of great practical importance for medicine and pharmacology. This neuropeptide molecules are stable analogues of the nociceptin molecule. The calculations were carried out by the method of theoretical conformational analysis with regard to nonvalent, electrostatic and torsional interactions, energy of the hydrogen bonds and a special computer program. The low-energy conformations of these molecules and the values of the dihedral angles of the main chains and side chains are found and the energy of the intra- and inter-residue interactions were estimated. 15 low-energy conformations were found for tripeptide for four spatial structures and 12 low-energy conformations were found for tetrapeptide for six spatial structures. It is revealed that low energy conformations of these molecules have the half-folded and folded type of backbone. The side chains of the Phe1 and Phe4 amino acids in low-energy conformations carry out effective interactions and are conformationally labile amino acids. They bring together sections of the main chain and side chains of amino acids that are part of the tri- and tetrapeptide, which leads to important interactions.

Summary: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of experimental data on the density, dynamic viscosity, and kinematic viscosity of the thermal waters of "Ilisu Sangar" and "Ilisu Beshbulag," located in the northern region of the Gakh district in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The experiments on the density, dynamic viscosity, and kinematic viscosity of the thermal waters were conducted using advanced instrumentation manufactured in Germany. The densities of the "Ilisu Sangar" and "Ilisu Beshbulag" thermal waters were precisely quantified using the "Anton-Paar SVM-300 Stabinger" viscometer, while their dynamic viscosities were determined with high precision utilizing the DMA 5000 M apparatus. Using the experimental data of p=f (u) p and p=f (v) p at selected temperatures, analytical dependences of thermal waters were derived. The obtained values are described by polynomial equations. Polynomial equations enable the calculation of the experimental density values of the "Ilisu Sangar" and "Ilisu Beshbulag" thermal waters in the Gakh district at various temperatures, with a maximum error margin of ±0.25%.

Summary: The nature of the interaction in the ????????????????−???????????????? quasibinary section was studied, the solubility region of ???????????????? in ???????????????? was determined, ????????????????????1−???????????? solid solutions were obtained, complex physicochemical analyses were carried out and crystal parameters of the sample were determined. The specific electrical conductivity, Hall coefficient, and magnetic resistance of ????????????????????1−???????????? solid solutions were studied in the temperature range of 300-650 K, and the charge transport mechanisms were investigated. The dependence of magnetic resistance on composition, temperature, and magnetic field intensity was studied. The chemical bond and crystallization type structure in Tin monoselenide has also been investigated. Using a special X-ray diffractometer, the X-ray structural analysis was carried.

Summary: In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized via chemical reduction. Then Ag-Ag2S core-shell structures were synthesized by simply mixing different concentrations of Na2S aqueous solution (5,10 and 15mM) and AgNPs. The structural and optical properties of these structures were analyzed. Changes in the structure of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical properties and bandgap values were studied using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The structural and optical properties of AgNPs revealed clear differences in their physical properties after sulfidation. From the study of optical properties, we determined that Ag-Ag2S core-shell structures have broadband absorption properties that can be controlled by changing the concentration of sulfur ions in the sulfidation process. Also, because of sulfidation, it was determined that the value of the bandgap of Ag-Ag2S structures changes.

Summary: Rubiscolin molecules belong to the class of opioids derived from food substances. To understand the various physiological functions they perform, to target them purposefully, and to synthesize artificial analogs that perform specific functions of the natural molecule, it is necessary to study their three-dimensional spatial structures. The spatial structures of rubiscolin molecules and their analogs were investigated using theoretical conformational analysis methods. The potential energy of the molecule was chosen as the sum of non-valent, electrostatic, torsion interaction energies and hydrogen bond energies. The spatial structures of [Ile3]- and [Phe3]-rubiskolin-5 molecules were studied in the context of the low-energy conformations of the natural rubiscolin molecule. The calculations revealed that the solid structure of both analogs is represented by eight lowenergy conformations, similar to those of the natural rubiskolin-5 molecule. It has been shown that the energy and geometric parameters of the molecules in both analogues are the same as in the natural rubiscolin-5 molecule, therefore it is not advisable to propose to synthesize both artificial analogues.

Summary: K0,945Rb0,055NO3 monocrystals were grown from aqueous solutions of KNO3 and RbNO3 by isothermal crystallization method and the morphology of crystal growth during III phase transformations in these crystals was studied by optical microscopy. It was determined that two polymorphic transformations occur in the studied crystal from room temperature to the melting temperature. The structural transformations in these crystals are enantiotropic and of the monocrystal-monocrystal type. The equilibrium temperature between the interconverting II and I modifications is T=4550.5K. In the investigated sample, a repeated III phase transformation was studied, and the growth of the process was observed in a mono-nucleated manner in the 001 crystallographic direction. This transformation was accompanied by the movement of the non-linear boundary separating the phases. The transformation rate is as 〖2−????[001]>1−????[001]. Experiments show that the rhombohedral modification existing between modifications I and II in potassium nitrate is not detected in the studied sample. Partial replacement of K+ ions with Rb+ ions increases the equilibrium temperature between modifica-tions II and I by about 55 K.

Summary: The dielectric properties and power dissipation of PtSi/n-Si Schottky diodes of small area (8x10-6 cm2) were studied when the bias voltage varied in the range -2V ÷ 4V at room temperature. The amplitude of the alternating signal (Vac) varied from 5 mV to 1x103 mV. Studies based on impedance measurements revealed the dependence of dielectric parameters (ε', ε″), ac-conductivity (σac) and power dissipation (P) only at Vac = 200 mV. The obtained result is explained by the inhomogeneity of polarization and surface states.

Summary: In this paper, the magnetization of diluted magnetic semiconductor superlattices with a magnetic impurity of manganese is studied. It was found that the magnetization of a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas, depending on the degree of filling of the miniband superlattices, the molar concentration of the impurity, the exchange interaction constant and the spin splitting factor, changes sign and in a strictly two-dimensional case becomes positive. In a magnetic field, magnetization oscillates, and in strong magnetic fields the oscillations weaken, and their amplitude and frequency decrease. The contribution of the impurity to the magnetization is calculated. In a relatively weak magnetic field the magnetization associated with the impurity increases linearly and at a certain condition to the depending on the magnitude of the exchange constant and the impurity concentration changes its sign.