All Articles

Summary: At present times huge developments in technology has effected people`s social and cultural lives. All of these improvements and changes make it essential to learn at least one foreign language. As a result, a lot of researches are made to provide innovative ways, methods and techniques in order to teach foreign lan-guage skills properly. Besides, learning new languages is one of the best ways to get acquainted with new cultures. Communication is divided into two parts: ver-bal and non-verbal. Body language is considered as a part of non-verbal commu-nication. While the spoken language is a vital tool, an equally potent but often understated aspect is body language. The silent communicator in the classroom, body language plays a multifaceted role in shaping the learning experience. Taking turns and utilizing body language are crucial aspects in teaching English, as they play a significant role in effective communication and language acquisition. Unspoken cues, conveyed through gestures, expressions, and posture, form the silent language of body language. This article explores the significance, power, and impact of body language in various aspects of learning, shedding light on the nuanced ways in which non-verbal communication shapes our interactions.

Summary: The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H20N+Br^- * C6F4I2, contains one 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-ium cation, one 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-5,6-diiodobenzene molecule, and one uncoordinated bromide anion. In the crystal, the bromide anions link the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine molecules by intermolecular C-H...Br and N-H...Br hydrogen bonds, leading to dimers, with the coplanar 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-5,6-diiodobenzene molecules filling the space between them. There is a pi-pi interaction between the almost parallel benzene rings [dihedral angle = 10.5 (2) deg] with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.838 (3) A and a slippage of 1.468 A. No C-H...pi(ring) interactions are observed. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H...F/F...H (23.8%), H...H (22.6%), H...Br/Br...H (17.3%), and H...I/I...H (13.8%) interactions. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions are the dominant interactions in the crystal packing.

Summary: The electrical resistance of undeformed samples hardened in water gradually increases to 300-400 °C due to the positive temperature coefficient of resistance. The progression of the curve from 400 to 700 °C indicates the development of the K-state. In the temperature range 700- 925 °C, the solid solution decomposes with the formation of particles of a strengthening phase, which leads to a decrease in electrical resistance. The rise of the curve above 950 °C is associated with the dissolution of previously released particles of the second phase. The heating curve indicates the occurrence of the mentioned processes in reverse order. In deformed samples, the formation of the K-state during heating occurs in a wider temperature range (from 100 to 700 °C) and is much more intense than in undeformed samples. The course of the cooling curve is similar to the cooling curve of samples quenched in water [1]. The cooling curve in the temperature range 775-500 °C is slightly higher than the heating curve, which is associated with different degrees of formation of the K-state due to different “initial” structures [2]. After cooling, the electrical resistance of undeformed samples cooled in a furnace returns to its original value. In deformed samples it is 5% higher than before heating, which indicates a stable influence of deformation on subsequent transformations. The magnitude of the change in electrical resistance after cooling depends on the previous treatment. For samples quenched only in water, it is 3.5% higher, for samples with a reduction of 50% - by 8.7%, for samples with a reduction of 75% - by 10.5%. This increase in electrical resistance is determined by the occurrence of the K-state during cooling, and the different magnitude of the increase is associated with the influence of the deformation energy (preserved even after high heating) on the development of the process of formation of the K-state during cooling. An increase in the electrical resistance of samples cooled with the furnace from the quenching temperature is observed only up to 550 0C, regardless of whether the samples were subjected to work hardening or not, and this increase is significantly less than that of the same samples, but quenched in water [1, 3]. When cooling with the furnace from the quenching temperature, some development of the K-state already occurs in the samples, which is probably not completely destroyed even with a reduction of 50%. This determines a smaller increase in electrical resistance during subsequent heating and shifts the maximum to a temperature of 550 °C [2, 5]. In addition, a distinctive feature of the heating curves of the samples is a two-stage drop in electrical resistance in the temperature range of 550-950 °C.

Summary: The presented paper is devoted to the solution of cylindrical free oscillation problems of a rectangular plate, taking into account the resistance of the external environment. In the title of the article, accepting a cylindrical oscillation is not chosen randomly and it is a rare issue in the theory of plates and coatings, therefore, the solution of the considered problem is new and relevant. In this paper, the influence of the external environment is considered viscoelastic according to the Voigt model, the plate is assumed to be rectangular, thin-walled, and orthotropic, being heterogeneous along its length (i.e., in the direction of the large side). The conditions for fixing the contours of the plate are chosen in such a way that a heterogeneous boundary condition is obtained, otherwise the shape of the free oscillation cannot be cylindrical. Under the required conditions, the oscillation equation of the plate is formulated, and as a result, the fourth order partial differential equation with a variable coefficient is obtained. The obtained equation is a complicated enough equation modified from the Sophie-Germain equation written for the deflection of the plates according to the condition of the problem, and it is hard to be solved. Such equations do not have an analytical solution, and for now the most rational method for its solution is considered to be Bunov Galerkin's method of orthogonalization and separation of variables. In order to calculate the value of the frequency of the oscillation, the relationship equations were obtained, the calculations were carried out for cases where the characteristic functions change with a linear law, and the material of the plate is homogeneous and heterogeneous. Equations of dependence between dimensionless frequency and characteristic functions and parameters characterizing a heterogeneous viscoelastic base were obtained. An error function was constructed for the obtained equation and the orthogonalization condition was checked with the help of the error function. In order to compare the solution of the problem, the frequency analysis of the plate was carried out using the finite element method, for which the frequency analysis was carried out in 6 frequency cases on plates with different length dimensions. Solidworks software was used here. The results were presented in form of graphs and tables.

Summary: The test research facility, in which the properties of warm water “Khachmaz” (p,ρ,T) in Khachmaz area, Examined was Azerbaijan which has air conditioning and a constant temperature of T=293.15 K.Data from various sources were compared with the results obtained for the watery arrangement of water, toluene, and NaCl (m=2.96661 mol·kg-1). The gotten comes about are displayed graphically within the figures. In article, the reliance of the thickness of Khachmaz warm water of the Khachmaz locale of Azerbaijan on the temperature of ρ/(kg ∙ m-3) was measured within the high-precision temperature extend T = (278.15-468.15) in a tubular densimeter 5000M Anton-Paar DSA. Utilizing exploratory values at chosen temperatures, expository connections of warm water were set up. The gotten values are depicted by numerical conditions.

Summary: Friction brakes generate braking torque through the friction force between rotating (disk, drum) and non-rotating (pad, band) components. Drum-type brakes are primarily used in heavy-duty vehicles. To initiate braking, the shoe is pressed against the drum, creating contact pressure between the pressed surfaces. Tangential stresses arising from drum rotation produce the braking torque. The braking torque in the brake mechanism depends on the contact pressure and the coefficient of friction between the compressed surfaces. With a large compressive force, the deformations of the drum and shoe differ, altering the drum's round cross-section and causing variations in braking force at different moments. Therefore, accurately determining contact pressure is crucial for drum brakes. This article focuses on calculating braking torque by determining the deformations of the mold as close to real-world conditions as possible.

Summary: The article provides information on the creation and study of energy systems based on the power of air flows with maximum use of advantages in processes associated with nature. An analysis of available data in this area is carried out, the advantages and disadvantages of energy installations are indicated. Based on the analysis and theoretical considerations, the indicators of the model for improving the energy system using the power of the air flow, including economic efficiency, are analyzed. Changes in influencing parameters to improve the efficiency of using the design of the energy installation are described, a comparative analysis is given.

Summary: Thermomechanical processing is a combination of the operations of deformation by heating and cooling (in different sequences), as a result of which the formation of the final structure of a metal alloy, and consequently its properties, occurs under conditions of increased density and the corresponding distribution of structural imperfections created by plastic deformation. Therefore, firstly, research in the field of thermomechanical processing is reduced to studying the effect of plastic deformation on transformations in heat-treated alloys and on the structure in properties after these transformations. Secondly, thermomechanical processing is advisable in all cases where heat treatment of metal alloys is effective. Phase transitions during heat treatment and plastic flow occur as a result of the restructuring of the same atoms, connected not only by general regular structures, but also by certain, also to a certain extent regular, deviations from these structures, the main ones of which are dislocations.

Summary: In the article, two cylindrical shells with different dimensions are statically analyzed using the finite element method. Cylindrical shells with a height to outer diameter ratio (h/d=2) of two and four (h/d=4), and a wall thickness of 1 mm were selected as the research objects. Carbon steel grade 1023 was selected for the cylindrical shells. The cylindrical shells were rigidly fixed on one side (Fixed Geometry fastening type was selected), and free on the other side. A compressive force of 1000N was applied to the inner surfaces of the cylindrical shells. Static analysis was performed using the simulation application in the Solidworks program. As a result of the analysis, the distributed values of the Von Mises stress, normal stress along the x, y and z axes were obtained. At the same time, the distributed values of the total displacement along the x, y and z axes were obtained. The maximum values of von Mises stress, normal stress (along the given axes) and displacement were observed in the sample with a small diameter (d=25mm) and a large height (h=200mm) (h/d=4). A difference of 98% was obtained between the maximum values of stress and displacement in both samples.

Summary: The work summarizes and critically analyzes the existing criteria for optimizing the methods of increasing and restoring the surface hardness of precision parts of machines and devices, shows ways to improve and clarify them, and also attempts to select optimal methods for increasing and restoring the surface hardness of precision parts of machines and devices and develop a generalized model. Various methods for increasing and restoring the surface hardness of parts of machines and devices with increased surface hardness pose the most urgent problem of choosing the optimal option for specific production conditions from among various technological solutions. This necessitates a further study of methods for increasing and restoring surface hardness and is based on three criteria: applicability, durability and technical and economic efficiency. The solution to the problem of substantiating the optimal method for increasing and restoring the surface hardness of machines and devices should be carried out using properly selected optimization criteria, using controllable factors that have the greatest impact on the costs of the technological process.