Articles in "Environmental Sciences"

Summary: The study investigates the nexus between innovation, labor migrations, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Germany for the period 1990–2020. This study applied a dynamic simulated ARDL (DS-ARDL) model for estimation, which can observe the negative and positive variations in variables both in long run and short run. The dependent variable in DS-ARD provides a more intuitive picture of dynamic effects than coefficients alone. In Addition, DS-ARDL may provide reliable estimations even if sample size is smaller. The results of this study suggest a long-term relationship among innovation, migration, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. The results also confirm that migration has a positive relationship with CO2 emissions, while innovation has an adverse effect on CO2 emissions in long run. Policymakers can take action on both ends of the supply and demand spectrum to lessen the impact of migration on Germany's CO2 emissions. Human capital accumulation provided by international migration; therefore, receiving countries should encourage rapid technological advancement and improve their citizens' spending habits.

Summary: This study investigates the impact of climatic factors on agricultural output between 1970 and 2022 in Türkiye. The Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method was utilized to select the independent variables for the model. The augmented ARDL (A-ARDL) approach was employed to analyze the cointegration relationship between the variables. Then, the CCR, DOLS, and FMOLS techniques were applied to assess the long-term dynamics. The key findings of the study are as follows: (i) The BMA analysis identified the carbon dioxide emissions, cultivated agricultural area, minimum average temperature, and 10 cm ground temperature as the significant independent variables. (ii) The A-ARDL results indicate a long-term association between the selected variables. (iii) The minimum average temperature is positively associated with the agricultural sector’s share in GDP. (iv) Increases in carbon dioxide emissions, 10 cm ground temperature, and cultivated agricultural area were found to decrease the agricultural sector’s share in GDP. In summary, the findings of study confirms the multi-dimensioned and non-linear character of climate-agriculture relations, challenging overly simplistic interpretations. From a policy perspective, the evidence puts emphasis on the need for climat-smart agricultural policies that bind together temperature regulation, emissions reduction, and efficient land use. Such insights are particularly significant for nations such as Türkiye that experience both extreme climatic volatility as well as structural challenges within their agricultural systems.

Summary: Digital transformation has changed the way family data is managed and stored. The vulnerability of family data has become a serious concern due to the increase in data breach incidents. This research aims to analyze public compliance with family data protection regulations and the ideality of government governance regulations regarding family data protection regulations. This research uses normative legal research methods to analyze the comparison of family data privacy protection regulations between Indonesia and England. This research examines various legal guidelines and policies by applying legislative techniques and a conceptual approach. The legal system theory is used as an analytical framework to evaluate the effectiveness of regulations, law enforcement, and legal culture's influence on public compliance. Data was collected through a literature review of primary and secondary sources, including documents, archives, books, and scientific research findings. The research results show First, that family data protection regulations in England are first more standardized with a higher level of public compliance than in Indonesia. Secondly, Indonesia still faces challenges such as the weak bargaining position of data subjects, the absence of clear guidelines for data controllers, and the need for an independent oversight authority. This research recommends regulatory improvements, the establishment of competent authorities, and enhanced public education to strengthen Indonesia's personal data protection system, particularly family data.

Summary: This paper explores the effect of oil price, gross domestic product (GDP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on renewable energy consumption in China from 1990 to 2020, utilizing the canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) method. The findings indicate that the oil price, GDP and CO2 emissions positively and significantly affect renewable energy consumption over the examined time frame. Numerically, a 1% increase in oil prices, GDP, and CO2 emissions results in a 0.16%, 0.39%, and 1.70% increase in renewable energy consumption, respectively. The positive effect of oil prices on renewable energy consumption can be seen as the cost advantage of renewable energy, which may grow with rising oil prices, leading to a rise in its adoption. The study underscores the significance of promoting renewable energy usage, emphasizing the need for policies that aid energy security and environmental sustainability.

Summary: The studied thermoelectric materials based on Bi2Te3 attracted researches attention, due to thermoelectric properties allow direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy. In this work, we examined the (0001) surfaces for investigated АV 2BVI 3 crystals before and after irradiation implementing the AFM method. We have been studied the fractality of formed nano-objects and resulting in the formation of nanoislands on different scales.

Summary: Azerbaijan is an exporter country of natural resources (oil). Since the main power of modern economy including the future economic progress is human factor, human capital, its knowledge, ability of using technology, transferring oil capital into human capital is a driving factor. That’s why researching the influence of the main indicators of education and state budget allocations for it is a topical issue. The article has researched the relationship of state budget allocation and the main indicators of education and science during 21 years (1996−2017) in the Restate of Azerbaijan. Auto Regressive Distributed Lags has been used as a research model. Besides, stationary tests of variables (Augmented Dickey Fuller, Phillips-Perron, Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin) and Pairwise Granger Causality Tests were used. Model stability was studied. Eviews_9 software program was applied for making graphics and calculations. Research has examined that there is a positive dependency between state budget allocation and the main indicators of education. We recommend that state budget allocation for science and education can be increased and used as the intended purpose.